Dim cmd As IDbmand = _ New Sqlmand(〃INSERT INTO draws (draw_date; first_number; second_number; 〃 _ & 〃third_number; fourth_number; 〃 _ & 〃fifth_number; sixth_number; bonus) 〃 _ & 〃VALUES (@pDrawDate; @pFirstNumber; @pSecondNumber; 〃 _ & 〃@pThirdNumber; @pFourthNumber; @pFifthNumber; @pSixthNumber; @pBonus)〃) cmd。Connection = connection Dim paramDate As IDbDataParameter = New SqlParameter() paramDate。ParameterName = 〃@pDrawDate〃 paramDate。DbType = System。Data。DbType。DateTime paramDate。Size = 8 paramDate。SourceColumn = 〃draw_date〃 paramDate。Value = DateTime。Now cmd。Parameters。Add(paramDate) Dim param As IDbDataParameter = New SqlParameter() param。ParameterName = 〃@pFirstNumber〃 param。DbType = System。Data。DbType。Int32 param。Size = 4 param。SourceColumn = 〃first_number〃 param。Value = 1 cmd。Parameters。Add(param) 。 。 。 param = New SqlParameter() param。ParameterName = 〃@pBonus〃 param。DbType = System。Data。DbType。Int32 param。Size = 4 param。SourceColumn = 〃bonus〃 param。Value = 1 cmd。Parameters。Add(param) Dim retval As Integer = cmd。ExecuteNonQuery() Console。WriteLine(〃retval (〃 & retval & 〃)〃) connection。Close() To execute a mand; you need to instantiate a class that implements the IDbmand interface; where the constructor parameter is the SQL statement that you want to execute。 The SQL statement contains SQL parameters。 How a SQL parameter is defined often depends on the ADO implementation。 The mand is associated with the database connection using the cmd。Connection property。 Each parameter; regardless of the database driver used; is of type IDataParameter or IDbDataParameter (which implements IDataParameter)。 The type associated with IDbDataParameter is SqlParameter in this case; because we are using SQL Server。 …………………………………………………………Page 406…………………………………………………………… 384 CH AP T E R 1 4 ■ L E A R N I N G A B OU T R E L A TI O N AL DA TA B AS E D AT A The properties of IDbDataParameter are as follows: o ParameterName: Specifies the name of the parameter and must be prefixed with an at sign (@) character。 o DbType: Specifies the type of the parameter。 o Size: Specifies the size of the parameter (in bytes)。 o SourceColumn: Specifies in which column the parameter will be stored。 o Value: Specifies the value for the parameter。 ■Note As a general rule of thumb; stick to using and manipulating the standard ADO interfaces; rather than the types specific to the ADO driver。 The example shows code that you would write when you want to explicitly define the attributes of every parameter。 This was to allow you to see what is happening when parameters are converted and stored in a table。 A simpler notation is as follows: Dim connection As IDbConnection = _ New SqlConnection(DatabaseConsoleEx。My。Settings。Default。lotteryConnectionString) connection。Open() Dim cmd As IDbmand = New Sqlmand(〃INSERT INTO draws (draw_date; 〃 _ & 〃first_number; second_number; third_number; fourth_number; 〃 _ & 〃fifth_number; sixth_number; bonus) VALUES (@pDrawDate; 〃 _ & 〃@pFirstNumber; @pSecondNumber; @pThirdNumber;〃 _ & 〃@pFourthNumber;@pFifthNumber;@pSixthNumber;@pBonus)〃) cmd。Connection = connection cmd。Parameters。Add(New SqlParameter(〃@pDrawDate〃; DateTime。Now)) cmd。Parameters。Add(New SqlParameter(〃@pFirstNumber〃; 10)) cmd。Parameters。Add(New SqlParameter(〃@pSecondNumber〃; 1)) cmd。Parameters。Add(New SqlParameter(〃@pThirdNumber〃; 30)) cmd。Parameters。Add(New SqlParameter(〃@pFourthNumber〃; 19)) cmd。Parameters。Add(New SqlParameter(〃@pFifthNumber〃; 2)) cmd。Parameters。Add(New SqlParameter(〃@pSixthNumber〃; 21)) cmd。Parameters。Add(new SqlParameter(〃@pBonus〃; 5)) Once you have defined the parameters and assigned them with a value; the SQL query can be executed。 In the case of a SQL INSERT statement; no data will be returned; because you are sending data from the application to the database。 Thus; you will need to execute the method that does not expect any return data; which is ExecuteNonQuery(); like this: …………………………………………………………Page 407…………………………………………………………… C HA P TE R 1 4 ■ L E AR N I N G AB O U T R E L AT IO N A L D AT AB A SE D A TA 385 Dim retval As Integer = cmd。ExecuteNonQuery() Console。WriteLine(〃retval (〃 & retval & 〃)〃) ExecuteNonQuery() returns the number of rows affected by the statement (which should be 1; because we’ve inserted one row)。 Selecting Data from a Table After your tables have some data; you probably will want to retrieve the data。 To do that; you use the SELECT statement。 Here is the code for viewing data in the draws table: Dim connection As IDbConnection = _ New SqlConnection(DatabaseConsoleEx。My。Settings。Default。lotteryConnectionString) connection。Open() Dim cmd As IDbmand = New Sqlmand(〃SELECT * FROM draws〃) cmd。Connection = connection Dim reader As IDataReader = cmd。ExecuteReader() While reader。Read() Console。WriteLine(〃(〃 & reader。GetDateTime(0)。ToString() & 〃) 〃 _ & reader。GetInt32(1)) End While reader。Close() connection。Close() To select data; the steps are to