Public WearsHats As Boolean
Public RunsSlowly As Boolean
End Class
In this definition; each attribute of PersonWithAttributes is its own data member。 Another
way to achieve the same effect is to consider each attribute as its own binary flag that is encoded
into PersonWithAttributes。 The class would be rewritten as follows:
Class PersonWithAttributes
Public Attributes As Integer
End Class
In the rewritten example; the Boolean attributes are encoded into the data member
Attributes using bitwise operators。
To encode a flag in a number means to tweak the individual binary bits of a number。 To
access the individual bits; you need to create constant numbers that are a power of 2。 We use a
…………………………………………………………Page 441……………………………………………………………
CH AP T E R 1 6 ■ L E A R N I N G A B OU T O TH E R V IS U AL B A SI C T E C HN IQ U E S 419
power of 2 convention because binary is a counting system based on the power of 2。 Thus; the
three Boolean data members are converted to constants:
Const isTall As Integer = 1
Const wearsHats As Integer = 2
Const runsSlow As Integer = 4
Now you could create a person that is tall and runs slowly; like this:
Dim person As PersonWithAttributes = New PersonWithAttributes()
person。Attributes = isTall Or runsSlow
The variable person。Attributes is assigned the operations of isTall and runsSlow。 So if
isTall is 0001; and runsSlow is 0100; taking the bitwise OR (Or) of the two values results in 0101。
A bitwise OR is when you pare two values; and if either value is nonzero; then the
answer is nonzero。 If you were to convert the binary number into a decimal number; you would
get the value of 5。 You could verify that the person isTall like this:
If (person。Attributes And isTall) 0 Then
Console。WriteLine(〃Person is tall〃)
Else
Console。WriteLine(〃Person is not tall〃)
End If
A bitwise shift is the shifting of the bits to the left or to the right by the number of places indi
cated by the shift。 The following code demonstrates shifting the bits two places to the left (》 2
The result is 2; which has the binary value 10。
For the most part; you probably will not use the binary shift operators。 Unless you are dealing
with hardware…related programming (such as GUI interactions); whatever you can do with
flags can be replicated using a bination of Boolean types and structures。 However; when
you do encounter bitwise operators; you will recognize what they are doing。
Modulus
The modulus operator (Mod) is very useful when you want to perform division operations and
need to know how much is left over。 For example; the following calculation yields a value of 3。
Dim a As Integer = 17 / 5
…………………………………………………………Page 442……………………………………………………………
420 CH AP T E R 1 6 ■ L E A R N I N G A B OU T O TH E R V IS U AL B A SI C TE C H N IQ U E S
Yet because it is an integer division; you don’t know if the value is evenly divided by 5。 The
following calculation lets you figure out the remainder for the division。
Dim remainder As Integer = 17 Mod 5
Increment and Decrement
The increment (+=) and decrement ( …=) operators are useful in place of the addition and subtrac
tion operators。 Visual Basic also has the *= and /= operators; which you can use in place of the
multiplication and division operators。 The idea behind these operators is to perform an operation
on the variable itself。
Let’s say you execute this code:
Dim a As Integer = 2
a += 1
Then after the increment operation; the variable a will have a value of 3。
Overloading Operators
Suppose you want to implement a special type; such as a plex number type; and want to
support the + sign。 To do so; you would need to implement the + operator; which; in turn; over
loads the + operator。
As an example; let’s walk through implementing the + operator for the plex number
type。 plex numbers are numbers that have two parts: real and imaginary。 For example; a + b
is a plex number; where a is the real part and b is the imaginary part。 To add a plex
number; you add the real parts; and then add the imaginary parts; and that gives you the new
number。 The following is the plex number type; plexType; declaration。
Public NotInheritable Class plexType
Private ReadOnly _imaginary As Double
Private ReadOnly _real As Double
Public Sub New(ByVal real As Double; ByVal imaginary As Double)
_real = real
_imaginary = imaginary
End Sub
Public Overrides Function ToString() As String
Return String。Concat(New Object() {〃(〃; _real; 〃) (〃; _imaginary; 〃)i〃})
End Function
Public ReadOnly Property Imaginary() As Double
Get
Return _imaginary
End Get
End Property
…………………………………………………………Page 443……………………………………………………………
小说推荐
- oracle从入门到精通(PDF格式)
- -Page 1-Oracle 从入门到精通-Page 2-资源来自网络,仅供学习 Oracle 从入门到精通一、SQL 8
- 其他
- 最新章:第37章
- C语言游戏编程从入门到精通(PDF格式)
- -Page 1-Page 2-Page 3-Page 4-Page 5-Page 6-Page 7-Page 8-Page 9-Page 10-Page 11-Page 12-Page 13-Page 14
- 其他
- 最新章:第4章
- Java编程思想第4版[中文版](PDF格式)
- -Page 1-Page 2《Thinking In Java》中文版作者:Bruce Eckel主页:http/BruceEckel.编译:Trans Bot主页:http/memberease~transbot致谢-献给那些直到现在仍在孜孜不倦创造下一代计算机语言的人们!指导您利用万维网的语言进
- 其他
- 最新章:第295章
- 深入浅出MFC第2版(PDF格式)
- -Page 1-Page 2-山高月小山高月小 水落石出水落石出山高月小山高月小 水落石出水落石出-Page 3-深入淺出MFC(第版 使用Visual C 5.0 MFC 4.2)Dissecting MFC(Second Edition Using Visual C 5.0 MFC 4.2)侯俊
- 其他
- 最新章:第309章
- VC语言6.0程序设计从入门到精通
- -Page 1-Visual C 6.0 程序设计从入门到精通求是科技 王正军 编著
- 其他
- 最新章:第136章
- SQL 21日自学通(V3.0)(PDF格式)
- -Page 1-SQL 21 日自学通(V1.0 翻译人 笨猪目录目录 1译者的话 14第一周概貌 16从这里开始 16
- 其他
- 最新章:第170章
- 2008年青年文摘精编版
- 作者:中国青年出版社“初恋”的惩罚.作者:凡 凡 文章来源《真情》2005年第4期 点击数:6608 更新时间:2005-6-5过了年,我就十八岁了。离高考只剩下四个多月了。这一段,班里的男女生相互间递纸条、写情书、约会等地下活动慢慢的多了起来。我这个“尖子生”也突然感到了不安、慌乱,并且自责。不知
- 文学名著
- 最新章:第230章
- SQL语言艺术(PDF格式)
- -Page 1-SQLSSQQLL语言艺术内容介绍本书分为12章,每一章包含许多原则或准则,并通过举例的方式对原则进行解释说明。这些例子大多来自于实际案例,对九种SQL经典查询场景以及其性能影响讨论,非常便于实践,为你数据库应用维护人员阅读。资深 SQL 专家 Stéphane Faroult倾力打
- 其他
- 最新章:第27章
- JMS简明教程(PDF格式)
- -Page 1-JMS1.1规范中文版卫建军2007‐11‐22-Page 2
- 其他
- 最新章:第28章