《制高点》第39章


波大林(Potanin)进入了叶利钦的内阁,成为寡头们在克里姆林宫的直接代言人,波大林(Potanin)拿下了诺里尔斯克镍厂(Norilsk Nickel),从而也拿下了这个厂的占全世界三分之一的镍产量。波大林(Potanin)只花了亿美元就买下了这个年销售额为25亿美元的公司。
VLADIMIR POTANIN: I felt a great feeling of victory。 Several years before; it was even difficult to think about struggling with Red Directors。 The struggle was won by us; by those who came who are younger; who are more active and more prepared for petition。 Many years later came feeling of a great responsibly for this; because when you win; you bee responsible for everything that is going on。 but it came a little bit later。
弗拉基米尔。波大林(Vladimir Potanin):我感到了巨大的成就感。几年前,与红色领导人(Red Directors)斗争,这想起来都是困难的,我们赢了,新一代的年轻人赢了,更有活力更渴望竞争的人们赢了。许多年后,我感到了一种巨大的使命感,因为当你成功了,你就要为发生的一切事情负责了,但是这种使命感来得迟了些。
NARRATOR: To many; the loansforshares deal was more than a scandal; it was the theft of the century。 But it was a price Yeltsin was willing to pay to keep the munists out。
旁白:对于许多人来说,贷款换股权交易更多的是一个丑闻,它是整个世纪最大的一次盗窃。但是这是叶利钦为阻止共产主义所愿意付出的代价。
GRIGORY YAVLINSKY: The task was not to distribute the property between 10 personal friends; there were no need for that。 The task was to give the property to millions of people。
格里格利。叶维林斯基(Grigory Yavlinsky):我们的任务不是在10个私人朋友之间瓜分财产,没有必要这么做,我们的任务是要让成百上千万的人民得到财产。
VLADIMIR POTANIN: We can say that it was artificially yes。 It was cheap; relatively cheap。 It was not transparent。 Yes。 But I think that it was difficult to avoid。 Maybe it was the only way。
弗拉基米尔。波大林(Vladimir Potanin):我们可以说,这是人为的,是的,是人为的。是便宜,相当便宜,也不透明,是的,这些都是事实。但我想这是很难避免的,也许这是唯一的出路。
GRIGORY YAVLINSKY: The goals are justifying the means。 That"s how the Bolsheviks made the revolution in Russia; and that is why it"s disaster。 Always when you are using the formula that the goals are justifying the means; you are destroying the goals。
格里格利。叶维林斯基(Grigory Yavlinsky):目标决定手段,这也是布尔什维克者进行革命的信条,也是导致灾难的原因。通常情况下,如果你用目标决定手段这一公式的话,你实际上是在毁掉目标。
NARRATOR: In Yeltsin"s Russia; crony capitalism thrived。 For many; reform came to mean corruption; inflation; and inequality。 Then in 1998; Russia defaulted on its debts; and the stock market crashed。 The Yeltsin era ended with his abrupt resignation on New Year"s Day 2000。
旁白:在叶利钦的俄罗斯,用人唯亲式的资本主义盛行,对许多人来说,改革成了腐败、通货膨胀、不平等的代名词。1998年,俄罗斯拖欠债务,股票市场崩溃了。随着叶利钦总统于2000年新年突然宣布辞职,俄罗斯的叶利钦时代结束了。
Chapter 21: A Decade of Radical Change '7:38'
第二十一章: 激进改革的十年
Onscreen title: The New Century
字幕标题:新世纪
NARRATOR: By the start of the new millennium; the decade of radical change was over。 A world that not so long ago had looked to socialism; central planning; and protectionism now looked to the market。
旁白:到新千年开始时,激进改革的十年已经过去了,一个不久前曾经关注过社会主义,中央计划以及保护主义的世界,现在又转而关注市场了。
DANIEL YERGIN: It"s breathtaking what"s happened in the last 20 years or less。 It"s as though the whole world has changed its mind。 Everywhere in India; China; Asia; Latin America; Europe; North America; and above all in the munist world governments have retreated from the manding heights of the economy。
丹尼尔。尤金(Daniel Yergin):过去不到20年的时间里发生的事情是令人震惊的。就好象整个世界都改变了主意。整个世界无论哪儿—印度、中国、拉丁美洲、欧洲、北美—尤其是在共产主义世界—政府已经从经济的制高点上撤了下来。
NARRATOR: Having thrown off munism; the countries of Eastern Europe continued to embrace free markets。 Poland has flourished。 What"s driving Poland are two million small businesses; almost all started after economic reform。
旁白:抛弃了共产主义,东欧的国家继续拥抱自由市场。波兰繁荣了,而支撑波兰的是几乎都是从经济改革后兴起的200万个小企业。
DANIEL YERGIN: Of all the cases of shock therapy around the world; that in Poland worked just about the best。 It really got the economy going。
丹尼尔。尤金(Daniel Yergin):在全世界休克疗法的案例中,波兰的休克疗法效果最好。它确实使波兰的经济步入了轨道。
NARRATOR: Businesses like Zofia Bielzyck"s gym now employ over half of the country"s workforce and produce close to 75 percent of its total output。
旁白:像Zofia Bielzyck的体育馆这样的生意现在吸收了整个国家一半以上的劳动力,产出占到总产出的75%以上。
ZOFIA BIELZYCK; Gym Owner: After 1990; many panies and foreign firms appeared in Poland。 The forecasts were very good; and I think they have e true。 But we Poles need time for everything to fall into place。
体育馆所有人Zofia Bielzyck:1990年后,许多公司和外国企业在波兰兴起,当时预测前景非常看好,我想这真的成为了现实,但我们波兰人还需要时间来使一切走入正轨。
NARRATOR: In Latin America; the result of reform has been mixed。 Chile continues to set the pace。 A democracy; it follows freemarket policies and is one of the world"s seven fastest growing economies。
旁白:在拉丁美洲,改革的结果则不尽相同。智利, 一个民主国家,继续在领跑。它遵循着自由市场政策成为全球增长速度排在第七位的经济体。
DOMINGO CAVALLO: The first democratic president after Pinochet maintained the reforms and also tried to improve on them。
多明戈。卡菲罗(Domingo Cavallo):皮诺切特之后的第一位民主总统继续了改革,并且努力推进了改革。
RICARDO LAGOS: It is not something of the rightwing parties nor the leftwing parties。 It"s simply sound economic policies。 To learn that took some time。
里卡多。罗格斯(Ricado Lagos):这既不是右翼党派的政策,也不是左翼党派的政策。它仅仅是正确的经济政策,意识到这点花了我们很长的时间。
NARRATOR: Bolivia is still poor; but it has been growing。
旁白:###依然贫穷,但是它一直在增长。
GONZALO SANCHEZ DE LOZADA: Many people would say we"re still poor; and I would say to them Bolivia before we stabilized the economy was a poor country with hyperinflation。 Bolivia after we stabilized the economy is a poor country with stability。
孔塞洛。桑切
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