《美国宪政历程:影响美国的25个司法大案》第111章

our　constitution；　and　unacknowledged　by　our　laws；　giving　his　Assent　to
their　Acts　of　pretended　Legislation：
For　quartering　large　bodies　of　armed　troops　among　us：
For　protecting　them；　by　a　mock　Trial；　from　Punishment　for　any　Murders
which　they　should　mit　on　the　Inhabitants　of　these　States：
For　cutting　off　our　Trade　with　all　parts　of　the　world：
For　imposing　Taxes　on　us　without　our　Consent：
For　depriving　us　in　many　cases；　of　the　benefits　of　Trial　by　Jury：
For　transporting　us　beyond　Seas　to　be　tried　for　pretended　offences：
For　abolishing　the　free　System　of　English　Laws　in　a　neighbouring
Province；　establishing　therein　an　Arbitrary　government；　and　enlarging　its
Boundaries　so　as　to　render　it　at　once　an　example　and　fit　instrument　for
introducing　the　same　absolute　rule　into　t　hese　Colonies：
For　taking　away　our　Charters；　abolishing　our　most　valuable　Laws；　and
altering　fundamentally　the　Forms　of　our　Governments：
For　suspending　our　own　Legislatures；　and　declaring　themselves　invested
with　power　to　legislate　for　us　in　all　cases　whatsoever。
He　has　abdicated　Government　here；　by　declaring　us　out　of　his　Protection
and　waging　War　against　us。
He　has　plundered　our　seas；　ravaged　our　Coasts；　burnt　our　towns；　and
destroyed　the　Lives　of　our　people。
He　is　at　this　time　transporting　large　armies　of　foreign　mercenaries　to
pleat　the　works　of　death；　desolation　and　tyranny；　already　begun　with
circumstances　of　Cruelty　&　perfidy　scarcely　paralleled　in　the　most
barbarous　ages；　and　totally　unworthy　the　H　ead　of　a　civilized　nation。
He　has　constrained　our　fellow　Citizens　taken　Captive　on　the　high　Seas　to
bear　Arms　against　their　Country；　to　bee　the　executioners　of　their
friends　and　Brethren；　or　to　fall　themselves　by　their　Hands。
He　has　excited　domestic　insurrections　amongst　us；　and　has　endeavoured　to
bring　on　the　inhabitants　of　our　frontiers；　the　merciless　Indian　Savages；
whose　known　rule　of　warfare；　is　an　undistinguished　destruction　of　all
ages；　sexes　and　conditions。
In　every　stage　of　these　Oppressions　We　have　Petitioned　for　Redress　in
the　most　humble　terms：　Our　repeated　Petitions　have　been　answered　only　by
repeated　injury。　A　Prince；　whose　character　is　thus　marked　by　every　act
which　may　define　a　Tyrant；　is　unfit　to　be　the　ruler　of　a　free　people。
Nor　have　We　been　wanting　in　attention　to　our　British　brethren。　We　have
warned　them　from　time　to　time　of　attempts　by　their　legislature　to　extend
an　unwarrantable　jurisdiction　over　us。　We　have　reminded　them　of　the
circumstances　of　our　emigration　and　sett　lement　here。　We　have　appealed　to
their　native　justice　and　magnanimity；　and　we　have　conjured　them　by　the
ties　of　our　mon　kindred　to　disavow　these　usurpations；　which　would
inevitably　interrupt　our　connections　and　correspondence。　They　too　have
been　deaf　t　o　the　voice　of　justice　and　of　consanguinity。　We　must；
therefore；　acquiesce　in　the　necessity；　which　denounces　our　Separation；　and
hold　them；　as　we　hold　the　rest　of　mankind；　Enemies　in　War；　in　Peace
Friends。
We；　therefore；　the　Representatives　of　the　united　States　of　America；　in
General　Congress；　Assembled；　appealing　to　the　Supreme　Judge　of　the　world
for　the　rectitude　of　our　intentions；　do；　in　the　Name；　and　by　Authority　of
the　good　People　of　these　Colonies；　solemnly　publish　and　declare；　That
these　United　Colonies　are；　and　of　Right　ought　to　be　Free　and　Independent
States；　that　they　are　Absolved　from　all　Allegiance　to　the　British　Crown；
and　that　all　political　connection　between　them　and　the　State　of　Great　Bri
tain；　is　and　ought　to　be　totally　dissolved；　and　that　as　Free　and
Independent　States；　they　have　full　Power　to　levy　War；　conclude　Peace；
contract　Alliances；　establish　merce；　and　to　do　all　other　Acts　and
Things　which　Independent　States　may　of　right　do。　An　d　for　the　support　of
this　Declaration；　with　a　firm　reliance　on　the　Protection　of　Divine
Providence；　we　mutually　pledge　to　each　other　our　Lives；　our　Fortunes　and
our　sacred　Honor。
JOHN　HANCOCK；　President
Attested；　CHARLES　THOMSON；　Secretary
New　Hampshire：　JOSIAH　BARTLETT；　WILLIAM　WHIPPLE；　MATTHEW　THORNTON
Massachusetts…Bay：　SAMUEL　ADAMS；　JOHN　ADAMS；　ROBERT　TREAT　PAINE；　ELBRIDGE
GERRY
Rhode　Island：　STEPHEN　HOPKINS；　WILLIAM　ELLERY
Connecticut：　ROGER　SHERMAN；　SAMUEL　HUNTINGTON；　WILLIAM　WILLIAMS；　OLIVER
WOLCOTT
Georgia：　BUTTON　GWINT；　LYMAN　HALL；　GEO。　WALTON
Maryland：　SAMUEL　CHASE；　WILLIAM　PACA；　THOMAS　STONE；　CHARLES　CARROLL　OF
CARROLLTON
Virginia：　GEORGE　WYTHE；　RICHARD　HENRY　LEE；　THOMAS　JEFFERSON；　BENJAMIN
HARRISON；　THOMAS　NELSON；　JR。；　FRANCIS　LIGHTFOOT　LEE；　CARTER　BRAXTON。
New　York：　WILLIAM　FLOYD；　PHILIP　LIVINGSTON；　FRANCIS　LEWIS；　LEWIS　MORRIS
Pennsylvania：　ROBERT　MORRIS；　BENJAMIN　RUSH；　BENJAMIN　FRANKLIN；　JOHN
MORTON；　GEORGE　CLYMER；　JAMES　SMITH；　GEORGE　TAYLOR；　JAMES　WILSON；　GEORGE
ROSS
Delaware：　CAESAR　RODNEY；　GEORGE　READ；　THOMAS　M"KEAN
North　Carolina：　WILLIAM　HOOPER；　JOSEPH　HEWES；　JOHN　PENN
South　Carolina：　EDWARD　RUTLEDGE；　THOMAS　HEYWARD；　JR。；　THOMAS　LYNCH；　JR。；
ARTHUR　MIDDLETON
New　Jersey：　RICHARD　STOCKTON；　JOHN　WITHERSPOON；　FRANCIS　HOPKINS；　JOHN
HART；　ABRAHAM　CLARK
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Prepared　by　Gerald　Murphy　（The　Cleveland　Free…　…　aa300）
Distributed　by　the　Cybercasting　Services　Division　of　the　National　Public
Teleputing　work　（NPTN）。
附录二
美利坚合众国宪法及修正案
美利坚合众国宪法
我们合众国人民，为建立一个更完善的联邦，树立正义，保障国内安宁，规划共同防务，促进公共福利，并使我们自己和后代得享自由之赐福，特为美利坚合众国制定和确立本宪法。
第一条
第一款
本宪法所授予的全部立法权，均属于由参议院和众议院组成的合众国国会。
第二款
〔一〕众议院由各州人民每两年选举产生的众议员组成。每个州的选举人须具备该州州议会人数最多一院选举人所必需的资格。
〔二〕凡年龄不满２５岁，成为合众国公民不满７年，在一州当选时不是该州居民者，不得担任众议员。
〔三〕众议员名额和直接税税额，应按本联邦内各州的人口比例进行分配。各州人口数，按自由人总数加所有其他人口的３/５予以确定。自由人总数包括按契约服一定年限劳役的人，但不包括未被征税的印第安人。人口的实际统计在合众国国会第一次会议后３年内和此后每１０年?