《制高点》第45章


旁白:退休基金成为全球经济的动力源泉,因为它们拥有资金。
BILL CRIST; President; CalPERS: Because the world is getting smaller and smaller; as we say; and the growth of the global economy; as we say; this is。。。 The real source of change in today"s world; whether anybody likes it or not; increasingly are large pension funds。
BILL CRIST; CalPERS总裁:以为世界正变的越来越小,正如我们所说的那样,全球经济的增长,象我们所说的,这是……今天,巨大的退休基金越来越成为世界变化的真正源泉——不管人们喜欢还是不喜欢。
Onscreen caption: Americans have 
字幕:美国有万亿的资金投资在退休基金。
INVESTOR: I have some of my own mutual funds overseas; and they seem to be doing pretty well right now。
投资者:我在海外拥有自己的互助基金,现在,它们看起来表现良好。
INVESTOR: I think with respect to CalPERS; they have a fiduciary responsibility to seek those markets out and get the best return for their shareholders。
投资者:我认为,CalPERS负有信托责任,要寻找这样的市场,为它们的股东获取最大的收益。
INVESTOR: We can"t keep everything in the United States。 You keep things in the United States; it"s still not in the United States; because so many panies are global。 Everything is global; everything is interconnected。
投资者:我们不能把所有的钱都在美国进行投资。即使你把钱投在美国,其实钱还没有完全在美国国内,因为很多公司都是全球性的。所有的一切都是全球性的,相互联系的。
Chapter 6: Emerging Market Hunters '5:01'
第六章:新兴市场的猎寻猎者
NARRATOR: With the end of the Cold War; many nations opened their markets to foreign investment for the first time。 Funds like CalPERS saw new opportunities and hired money managers to scour the Third World; now renamed ";emerging markets。";
旁白:随着冷战的结束,许多国家首次对外国投资开放了他们的市场,象CalPERS一样的基金看到了新的机遇,纷纷招募基金经理来扫荡第三世界——现在被成为“新兴市场”。
Onscreen caption: Mark Mobius
Templeton Emerging Markets Fund
Travels to 15 countries per month
Manages 6 billion
字幕: Mark Mobius
Templeton新兴市场基金
每月要去15个国家
管理 60 亿美元
MARK MOBIUS; Manager; Templeton Emerging Markets Fund: The whole rationale is that these emerging countries grow faster; so what we"re trying to do is capture that growth; and of course make money for investors。 But of course the risks are very great; because there"s no free lunch。 If you want to capture that growth you"ve got to take many more risks。 So there"s a balance; and of course it"s our job to try and minimize the risks and maximize the returns。 It doesn"t always work out that way; but that"s the objective。
MARK MOBIUS; 基金经理; Templeton新兴市场基金:整个理论——这些新兴市场增长迅猛——所以我们正努力抓住这个增长机遇,当然也为投资者获得回报。当然,这样做风险也很大,因为天下没有免费的午餐。如果你想抓住增长机遇,就要承担更大的风险。因此,风险和投资回报之间应该有一个平衡点。当然我们的工作就是努力及小化风险并最大化投资回报。但是,这只是我们的目标,并不是所有的时候我们都能做到这一点。
NARRATOR: As investment flowed around the world; the Clinton administration expanded the trade agenda it adopted with NAFTA。 The 
旁白:在投资在全球流动的时候,克林顿政府将北美自由贸易协定的贸易条款的适用范围进行了扩大,美国政府鼓励发展中国家继续对全球市场开放。
BILL CLINTON: I favored a very aggressive policy。 I thought the emerging countries both emerging economically and those that were new democracies had a better chance to do well economically and politically if the wealthier countries opened our borders and made trade agreements with them; and if in turn they opened their borders not only to trade; but to investment。 I thought that economic policy and traditional foreign policy would tend to merge。
比尔克林顿:我支持非常具有进攻性的政策,我认为,如果比较富有的国家开放它们的国界,和新兴国家签订贸易协定,并且不光对贸易开放,而且对投资开放,新兴国家——新兴经济国家和那些新兴民主国家——将有更好的机会获得经济和政治上的成功。我认为经济政策和传统外交政策将会出现。
LAURA TYSON; Chair of the ; 19931995: This is how it worked。 If you go back to the first term; a lot of the international approach of the administration on economic issues was to break down barriers to ; cajole; or convince them to bring down their barriers。
LAURA TYSON,美国国家经济理事会主席,19931995:道理就是这样的。如果我们回顾一下他的第一个任期,许多关于经济问题的政策都旨在打破美国公司的壁垒。我们将与我们的贸易伙伴接触,鼓励、推动或者说服他们取消这些壁垒。
NARRATOR: Many developing countries had been colonies of the West。 Although they now wanted longterm foreign investment; some saw fastmoving flows of money as a new threat to their independence。
旁白:许多发展中国家曾经是西方国家的殖民地,虽然他们现在需要海外长期投资,但是,有些国家认为快速流动的资金对他们的国家独立是一种威胁。
MAHATHIR BIN MOHAMAD; Prime Minister of Malaysia: Once munism was defeated; then capitalism could expand and show its true self。 It"s no longer constrained by the need to be nice; so that people will choose their socalled freemarket system as opposed to the centrally planned system。 So because of that; nowadays there is nothing to restrain capital; and capital is demanding that it should be able to go anywhere and do whatever it likes。
马哈蒂尔,马来西亚首相:共产主义失败以后,资本主义就能够进行扩张并表现出本来面目。 它会因为需要总是表现出善良的一面而限制自己,所以人们将选择他们和集中计划式系统相反的所谓自由市场体系。由于这个原因,今天没有什么力量能对资金进行限制,资金的要求也非常苛刻,它应该能够流向它所喜欢的任何地方并做任何事情。
NARRATOR: Some called it ";the triumph of capitalism。"; During the 1990s; more countries than ever adopted market economics。
旁白:有些人称之为“资本主义的胜利?,在90年代期间,有史以来最多的国家实施了市场经济政策。
As an economics professor; Bill Crist had taught a course paring Marxist and capitalist theory。 As president of CalPERS; the California state pension fund; Crist came to believe that only open markets could ensure global stability。
作为一名经济学教授,Bill Crist曾教授过马克思主义和资本主义理论比较课程,作为CalPERS——加州养老基金的总裁,Bill Crist逐渐认识到:只有开放的市场才能确保全球稳定。
BILL CRIST: If we don"t reach out to these emerging markets; if we don"t be evangelists; if you will; and try to encourage them to refo
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