《制高点》第46章


BILL CRIST: If we don"t reach out to these emerging markets; if we don"t be evangelists; if you will; and try to encourage them to reform and invest some of our capital funds into these markets; taking advantage of those opportunities; if we don"t do that; I"m afraid that some of the predictions that were made a long time ago by Karl Marx and Mr。 Engels and others 'will e true; and' that there will indeed be a confrontation between the haves and the havenots that can bring the entire system down。
BILL CRIST:如果我们不涉足这些新兴市场,如果我们不去充当福音传道者,如果你愿意,应努力鼓励他们进行改革并将一些基金投资到这些市场里去,利用这些机遇。如果我们不这样做,恐怕马克思和恩格斯在很久以前所做的预言就要变成现实了——在穷人和富人之间将出现对峙,并将使整个体系土崩瓦解。
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Chapter 7: Averting a Meltdown: 1994 '4:56'
第七章: 避免垮台1994
Onscreen caption: Mexico; January 1994
字幕:墨西哥,1994年1月
NARRATOR: The very day NAFTA came into effect; Zapatista rebels launched an uprising in Southern Mexico。 Shortly afterward; the leading presidential candidate was assassinated。
旁白:就在北美自由贸易协定生效的当天,萨帕塔主义叛乱份子在墨西哥南部发动了暴乱,很快,主要总统候选人被暗杀了。
Worried about stability; foreign investment began to flee。 The global economy was about to face a new kind of crisis。
出于对稳定情况的担心,国外投资开始抽逃,全球经济即将面临一个新的危机。
Onscreen caption: Washington; December 1994
字幕:华盛顿,1994年12月
ROBERT RUBIN: Christmas vacation; I was fishing down in the British Virgin Islands; and Larry Summers '; 19992001' called me; and he said; ";There"s some problems in Mexico I"d like you to know about。"; And I thought to myself that it was nice of Larry to call on the one hand; on the other hand I"m on vacation; and; you know; Mexico today; it"ll be some other country tomorrow; and I don"t know why this can"t wait till I get back。 Well; it turned out that this was not just another country。 It was a very; very serious matter。
罗伯特鲁宾:在圣诞节期间,我正在英属维京群岛钓鱼,萨墨斯 '美国财长; 19992001'给我打来电话,他说:“我想让你知道一些墨西哥发生的问题”。一方面,我觉得他给我打电话是好事,而另一方面,我又在度假,你知道的,墨西哥的今天将是其它一些国家的明天,我不知道为什么不能等我回去以后在告诉我呢?结果这还不是其它国家,这是一个非常非常严重的事件。
NEWT GINGRICH: I was at a restaurant; and they came and said; ";The secretary of the Treasury is on the line;"; and I got on the line; and he said: ";Greenspan and I have a problem。 (laughs) And we believe if we don"t move very decisively that the Mexican peso will implode。 If it implodes; the Mexican government will bee very unstable; and we believe you could have a wave of five to nine million people walking north to find jobs。";
NEWT GINGRICH:我当时正在饭店,他们来跟我说:“财长打来电话”,我去接了,他说:“格林斯潘和我有一个问题。(笑声)我们相信,如果我们不能果断做出决定,墨西哥比索将会崩溃,如果墨西哥比索崩溃的话,墨西哥政府将变的非常不稳定,我们相信,会有5-9百万人拥到美国来找工作”。
ROBERT RUBIN: He understood it very quickly; and I remember his saying; ";This is the first financial crisis of the 21st century。";
罗伯特鲁宾:他理解的非常快,我记得他当时说:这是21世纪的第一场经济危机。
NEWT GINGRICH: I said to him; ";This is the first realtime; worldwide financial crisis of a kind that will bee very normal。"; And so I said; instinctively; ";I"ll back you。";
NEWT GINGRICH:我告诉他说:“这是一场真实的、世界范围的、以后将变的非常普遍的金融危机”,而且我还本能地说:“我会支持你的。”
Onscreen caption: Robert Rubin called an urgent meeting at the Treasury。
Mexico was about to default on its foreign debt。
字幕:罗伯特鲁宾召集了财政部紧急会议。
墨西哥将要拖欠外债。
ROBERT RUBIN: It was fascinating; because we had Mexico; which we really did think was facing default; and we had enormous political problems acplishing what we felt we needed to acplish to support Mexico; to try to prevent this from happening; and we all knew that while we believed the program we were remending was right; there was some risk it wouldn"t work。
罗伯特鲁宾:这很奇怪,因为有墨西哥——一个我们真的认为正在面临拖欠形势的国家,为了支持墨西哥,为了防止这种情况的发生,我们有重大的政治问题——我们认为需要的问题——要解决,我们都知道,即使当我们相信我们推荐的项目是正确的时候,仍然存在项目出错的风险。
LAURA TYSON: You go in and say to the president: ";Here is a big crisis that could happen。 We can tell you something to do about it。 We can"t tell you it"s going to work。 It"s very risky; and we know it"s extremely unpopular; but we think you should do it anyway。";
LAURA TYSON:你走就进来对总统说:“要发生一个严重的危机,我们能告诉你一些有关的情况,但是我们无法告诉措施是否有效,但风险很大,我们知道这一措施非常不受欢迎,但是我们认为无论如何你都应该这样做。
Onscreen caption: The president"s advisors remended a loan package to Mexico: 50 billion。
字幕:总统咨询人员建议给墨西哥政府提供一项贷款安排:500亿美元
BILL CLINTON: Somewhere between five and 10 minutes I listened to all of this。 I say: ";Well; this is a nobrainer。 We"ve got to do this。 If we don"t do this; Mexico will certainly fail。 Then the borders will be flooded with illegal immigrants who are starving and need food and a job。 We"ll have an enemy on our Southern border; people that will remember when they were down and they were in need 'and that' we were not a good neighbor; and we will pay hugely for that。 All over the developing world; people who look at us and think that we are smug and rich and unresponsive and don"t care about anybody else will have all that confirmed。 If we help; at least people will know we tried in a good cause; and it will resonate throughout the developing world。";
比尔克林顿:大约在5到10分钟之内,我听完了所有这些。我说:“这用不着思考,我们必须这样做,如果不这样做,墨西哥肯定会崩溃,那么边界地区就会充斥着非法移民,他们饱受饥饿之苦,急需食品和工作。在南部边界,我们会有一个敌人,他们会牢记:在他们受难、需要帮助的时候,我们并没有做一个好的邻居。我们会对此付出巨大的代价。在所有的发展中国家,人们将看着我们,认为我们自命不凡、富有但是麻木不仁,而且不关心任何其他人,所有这些都将加深这样的认?
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